Systematic investigations aiming at the production of lipids and bio-diesels have been carried out by the DICP team of “Research on Highly Efficient Conversion of Biomasses”, led by Prof. Zongbao Zhao. Recently, they have announced in the journal of Biotechnology for Biofuels a new tactic of simultaneous saccharification and enhanced lipid production, illustrating that cellulose-containing raw materials could be converted directly into lipids in a mixed system containing treated biomass raw materials, hydrolase and enough amount of oleaginous yeast. For example, with cellulose and treated maize straw as raw materials, the lipid mass yield could reach 20.4% and 11.2%, respectively, and under shake culture conditions, the productivity could be as high as 0.13 g/l/h. These microbial oils mainly contained fatty acids with carbon chains of 16 and 18 carbons, so they were especially suitable for producing bio-diesels and lipid chemicals.